Objective To summarize the best available evidence on aspiration prevention and care for elderly patients, and to guide clinical practice.
Methods Systematic searches were conducted in guideline repositories, professional association websites, and comprehensive databases for literature on aspiration management in elderly patients, covering the period from database inception to July 8, 2025.Two researchers independently evaluated the methodological quality of the included literature, performed data extraction, and carried out evidence integration and evaluation.
Results A total of 21 publications were included, comprising 6 clinical decision support articles, 5 evidence summaries, 1 evidence-based guideline, 6 expert consensus documents, 1 group standard, and 2 systematic reviews.Thirty evidence statements were synthesized across three domains: aspiration risk assessment, aspiration prevention (including dietary management, posture management, body weight management, oral care, swallowing rehabilitation, and medication management), and aspiration management.
Conclusion The summarized best evidence for aspiration prevention and care in elderly patients can provide an evidence-based foundation for nursing staff to inform their clinical practice.
